FACULTY OF ART AND SOCIAL SCIENCE
DEPARTMENT OF LANGUAGES
COURSE: INTRODUCTION TO SYNTAX AND MOPHOLOGY
COURSE CODE: 2202
ASSIGNMENT
QUESTION: DIFFRENCE BETWEEN SYNTAX AND GRAMMAR
NAME: NABILA ABDU ADO
UG/16/ENE/050
INTRODUCTION
English grammar is the way in which meanings are encoded into wordings in the English language. This includes the structure of words, phrases, clauses, and sentences, right up to the structure of whole texts.
There are historical, social, cultural and regional variations of English. Divergences from the grammar described here occur in some dialects of English. This article describes a generalized present-day Standard English, the form of speech and writing found in types of public discourse including broadcasting, education, entertainment, government, and news including both formal and informal speech. There are differences in grammar between the standard forms of British, American, and Australian English, although these are minor compared with the differences in vocabulary and pronunciation.
Modern English has largely abandoned the inflectional case system of Indo-European in favor of analytic constructions. The personal pronouns of Modern English retain morphological case more strongly than any other word class (a remnant of the more extensive case system of Old English). For other pronouns, and all nouns, adjectives, and articles, grammatical function is indicated only by word order, by prepositions, and by the "Saxon genitive" (-'s).
Eight "word classes" or "parts of speech" are commonly distinguished in English: nouns, determiners, pronouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, prepositions, and conjunctions. Nouns form the largest English word class, with verbs being the second largest word class. Unlike many Indo-European languages, English nouns do not have grammatical gender (although many nouns refer specifically to male or female persons or animals).
In linguistics, syntax is the set of rules, principles, and processes that govern the structure of sentences in a given language, specifically word order and punctuation. The term syntax is also used to refer to the study of such principles and processes. The goal of many syntacticians is to discover the syntactic rules common to all languages.
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN GRAMMAR AND SYNTAX
Grammar is the study of rules governing the use of language. In linguistics, grammar is the set of structural rules that governs the composition of clauses, phrases, and words in any given natural language. The set of rules governing a particular language is the grammar of that language; thus, each language can be said to have its own distinct grammar. Grammar is part of the general study of language called linguistics. Grammar is a way of thinking about language. Grammar consists of set rules regarding language and sentence structure, such as no splitting infinitives and no hanging prepositions.
Grammar is the general term referring to the set of rules in a given language including syntax, morphology, while syntax studies sentence structures. This means that syntax is studied within grammar as a daughter of grammar but sister of morphology where syntax has nothing to share with internal structure of words but grammars have i.e in morphology. SYUSUF MAITAMA SULE UNIVERSITY, KANO
FACULTY OF ART AND SOCIAL SCIENCE
DEPARTMENT OF LANGUAGES
COURSE: INTRODUCTION TO SYNTAX AND MOPHOLOGY
COURSE CODE: 2202
ASSIGNMENT
QUESTION: DIFFRENCE BETWEEN SYNTAX AND GRAMMAR
NAME: NABILA ABDU ADO
UG/16/ENE/050
INTRODUCTION
English grammar is the way in which meanings are encoded into wordings in the English language. This includes the structure of words, phrases, clauses, and sentences, right up to the structure of whole texts.
There are historical, social, cultural and regional variations of English. Divergences from the grammar described here occur in some dialects of English. This article describes a generalized present-day Standard English, the form of speech and writing found in types of public discourse including broadcasting, education, entertainment, government, and news including both formal and informal speech. There are differences in grammar between the standard forms of British, American, and Australian English, although these are minor compared with the differences in vocabulary and pronunciation.
Modern English has largely abandoned the inflectional case system of Indo-European in favor of analytic constructions. The personal pronouns of Modern English retain morphological case more strongly than any other word class (a remnant of the more extensive case system of Old English). For other pronouns, and all nouns, adjectives, and articles, grammatical function is indicated only by word order, by prepositions, and by the "Saxon genitive" (-'s).
Eight "word classes" or "parts of speech" are commonly distinguished in English: nouns, determiners, pronouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, prepositions, and conjunctions. Nouns form the largest English word class, with verbs being the second largest word class. Unlike many Indo-European languages, English nouns do not have grammatical gender (although many nouns refer specifically to male or female persons or animals).
In linguistics, syntax is the set of rules, principles, and processes that govern the structure of sentences in a given language, specifically word order and punctuation. The term syntax is also used to refer to the study of such principles and processes. The goal of many syntacticians is to discover the syntactic rules common to all languages.
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN GRAMMAR AND SYNTAX
Grammar is the study of rules governing the use of language. In linguistics, grammar is the set of structural rules that governs the composition of clauses, phrases, and words in any given natural language. The set of rules governing a particular language is the grammar of that language; thus, each language can be said to have its own distinct grammar. Grammar is part of the general study of language called linguistics. Grammar is a way of thinking about language. Grammar consists of set rules regarding language and sentence structure, such as no splitting infinitives and no hanging prepositions.
Grammar is the general term referring to the set of rules in a given language including syntax, morphology, while syntax studies sentence structures. This means that syntax is studied within grammar as a daughter of grammar but sister of morphology where syntax has nothing to share with internal structure of words but grammars have i.e in morphology. So, morphology studies words forming, syntax deals with such formed words by putting them in a correct position within a phrase, clause or/and a sentence under the umbrella of grammar.
Syntax is how a sentence is worded and structured. In Linguistics syntax is “the study of the principles and processes by which sentences are constructed in particular languages” .It consists of the type of sentence (Declarative, Interrogative, Exclamatory, and Imperative) and word order (passive vs. active voice) It also refers to length of sentences (short vs. long).
Syntax can be used as a literary device to add extra meaning to your sentences, whereas grammar adds no greater meaning to your sentences.
Syntax is roughly about word order. Grammar has two overlapping meanings: 1. everything about how a language works, including syntax as a subset. 2. How words are inflected, conjugated, declined according to aspect, degree, gender, mood, number, person, tense, etc. 1. Is the sense linguists would use. 2. Is what some people not familiar with actual linguistics would use and is why you will encounter claims such as "Chinese has no grammar”.
Syntax is simply the way words are organized structurally. This can be either grammatically correct or incorrect, it is still syntax. Sometimes, in a grammatical analysis, linguists might refer to an ‘underlying syntax’, which would be a normalized structure of the words in a sentence, and not necessarily the actual structure used. The word order ‘noun (subject)- verb- noun (object)’ would be a simple example of syntax. The order “Come here!” would be analyzed as having the explicit syntax ‘verb- adverb’, but might be analyzed as having the underlying syntax of ‘noun (subject)- verb- adverb’, as in “(‘You’- implied) come here”.
Grammar refers to the sets of rules that are used regarding HOW syntax should be structured. This is typically divided into proscriptive grammar (dictating/enforcing arbitrary rules for how to ‘correctly’ organize a sentence) or descriptive grammar (an analysis of how speakers ACTUALLY structure the language). Some examples of grammar would be the rule “the verb should always follow the subject”, or ” the ‘to’ in an infinitive verb construction must always be followed immediately by the verb”.
Grammar might also have a relatively larger scope, since it would include the rules for any lexical variations (differences in spelling of the same base word), as well as rules for capitalization, punctuation, etc. Syntax usually involves only the structure of various TYPES of words in relation to one another (although some semantic analyses might be more specific than others).
Syntax: The way in which words are put together to form phrases, clauses, or sentences.
Grammar: the set of rules that explain how words are used in a language. ( ex. Tenses in English). Grammar also is the framework of a language. It is a study or science that has two parts: morphology (the forms of words) and syntax (the combination of words into sentences).
Syntax deals with their functions in sentences – subjects, objects, attributes etc.
Example: “To know you is to love you.”
To know, to love are both verbs (infinitives) – (morphology)
But they have different functions: to know is the subject, to love is part of the predicate – (syntax)
In short, syntax is HOW words are structured; grammar is WHY they are structured that way.
REFERENCES
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_grammar
https://melvasarisimangunsong.wordpress.com/2014/01/16/syntax-vs-grammar-the-differences-and-similarities/
https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-difference-between-grammar-and-syntax
o,
morphology studies words forming, syntax deals with such formed words by putting them in a correct position within a phrase, clause or/and a sentence under the umbrella of grammar.
Syntax is how a sentence is worded and structured. In Linguistics syntax is “the study of the principles and processes by which sentences are constructed in particular languages” .It consists of the type of sentence (Declarative, Interrogative, Exclamatory, and Imperative) and word order (passive vs. active voice) It also refers to length of sentences (short vs. long).
Syntax can be used as a literary device to add extra meaning to your sentences, whereas grammar adds no greater meaning to your sentences.
Syntax is roughly about word order. Grammar has two overlapping meanings: 1. everything about how a language works, including syntax as a subset. 2. How words are inflected, conjugated, declined according to aspect, degree, gender, mood, number, person, tense, etc. 1. Is the sense linguists would use. 2. Is what some people not familiar with actual linguistics would use and is why you will encounter claims such as "Chinese has no grammar”.
Syntax is simply the way words are organized structurally. This can be either grammatically correct or incorrect, it is still syntax. Sometimes, in a grammatical analysis, linguists might refer to an ‘underlying syntax’, which would be a normalized structure of the words in a sentence, and not necessarily the actual structure used. The word order ‘noun (subject)- verb- noun (object)’ would be a simple example of syntax. The order “Come here!” would be analyzed as having the explicit syntax ‘verb- adverb’, but might be analyzed as having the underlying syntax of ‘noun (subject)- verb- adverb’, as in “(‘You’- implied) come here”.
Grammar refers to the sets of rules that are used regarding HOW syntax should be structured. This is typically divided into proscriptive grammar (dictating/enforcing arbitrary rules for how to ‘correctly’ organize a sentence) or descriptive grammar (an analysis of how speakers ACTUALLY structure the language). Some examples of grammar would be the rule “the verb should always follow the subject”, or ” the ‘to’ in an infinitive verb construction must always be followed immediately by the verb”.
Grammar might also have a relatively larger scope, since it would include the rules for any lexical variations (differences in spelling of the same base word), as well as rules for capitalization, punctuation, etc. Syntax usually involves only the structure of various TYPES of words in relation to one another (although some semantic analyses might be more specific than others).
Syntax: The way in which words are put together to form phrases, clauses, or sentences.
Grammar: the set of rules that explain how words are used in a language. ( ex. Tenses in English). Grammar also is the framework of a language. It is a study or science that has two parts: morphology (the forms of words) and syntax (the combination of words into sentences).
Syntax deals with their functions in sentences – subjects, objects, attributes etc.
Example: “To know you is to love you.”
To know, to love are both verbs (infinitives) – (morphology
But they have different functions: to know is the subject, to love is part of the predicate – (syntax)
In short, syntax is HOW words are structured; grammar is WHY they are structured that way.
REFERENCES
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_grammar
https://melvasarisimangunsong.wordpress.com/2014/01/16/syntax-vs-grammar-the-differences-and-similarities/
https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-difference-between-grammar-and-syntax
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